Computing Information

Answers To UTIG Computing Frequently Asked Questions

This FAQ list last updated October 27, 2002.

CONTENTS

• 1.0 Facilities Overview
  • 1.1 What computing equipment is available at UTIG?
  • 1.2 What is the access policy?
  • 1.3 How do I get a Sun computer account?
• 2.0 Tape Drives
  • 2.1 How do I read a tape?
  • 2.2 How do I store data on a tape (back up my data)?
• 3.0 Disk Drives
  • 3.1 What disk drives are public?
  • 3.2 How do I check the space available on a disk?
  • 3.3 What is the nature of the disk quotas?
  • 3.4 What if the disk fills up?
• 4.0 Plotting
  • 4.1 What devices are available for outputting color images?
  • 4.2 How do I make a large poster or poster title?
  • 4.3 How do I make multiple plots?
  • 4.4 How do I make a color overhead?
• 5.0 Digitizing
  • 5.1 Should I use the scanner or the digitizer?
  • 5.2 How do I digitize maps, seismic horizons, etc?
• 6.0 Networking and File Sharing
  • 6.1 How is UTIG connected to the Internet?
  • 6.2 How do I know if our network connection is down?
  • 6.3 How do I make a file available to others with anonymous FTP?
  • 6.4 How can I transfer files between Macintosh computers?
  • 6.5 How can I transfer files between a Sun and a Macintosh?
  • 6.6 How do I collaborate on a figure with a far-flung colleague?
  • 6.7 How are files sent using email?
  • 6.8 How do I use mount a UNIX volume with Appleshare?
• 7.0 Software
  • 7.1 What software is available on the Suns and how do I use it?
  • 7.2 How do I set my path and .cshrc file on the Sun?
  • 7.3 How can I find out what licenses are in use on the Sun?
  • 7.4 What Macintosh software is available?
  • 7.5 What PC software is available?
• 8.0 Data Bases
  • 8.1 What type of data, collected by UTIG researchers, is available?
  • 8.2 Which non-UTIG data bases are available at UTIG?
  • 8.3 How do I make an ERS-1 gravity map?
  • 8.4 What is the reference for the ERS-1 data?
  • 8.5 How do I make a map with gridded bathymetry and topography?
  • 8.6 How do I make a map with contoured bathymetry?
• 9.0 Html
  • 9.1 How do I modify my homepage?
• 10.0 Miscellaneous
  • 10.1 How can I embellish a PostScript file?
  • 10.2 How can I send a mail message to everyone at UTIG?
  • 10.3 What should I do about email if I go on vacation?
  • 10.4 How can I get earthquake epicenter locations?
  • 10.5 How can I make a slide of the computer screen?
  • 10.6 How do I use the Apple QuickTake digital camera?
  • 10.7 How do I calculate the distance between two latitude/longitude points?
  • 10.8 Where can I get information on SIOSEIS?
  • 10.9 Where can I get current MATLAB documentation?

1.0 Facilities Overview

There are several core servers in the current arrangement: Sun utig serves home directories (/home/staff, /home/student, /home/other),
email relay, anonymous ftp (ftp.ig.utexas.edu) and print relay. utig2 serves as a seismic plot spooler and general login location
for general timesharing work. utig3 (an SGI) provides fast execution of large jobs and serves disks /disk/staff, /disk/student, and others.

 1.2 What is the access policy?
All public hardware (that which is physically located in publicly accessible places) normally has unrestricted use by everyone at UTIG while hardware in private offices is to be used only by the occupant of the office. Hardware in semi-public workspaces is typically available with permission of the owner.

 1.3 How do I get a computer account?
There are two types of accounts, Unix and NT. These two are independent, but have the same login name for bookkeeping reasons. In general, email and Unix access is via the password associated with the Unix account, and PC and Apple accesses are via the password associated with the NT account. Ask the staff person on duty to create your account; if you are a student, you must have a staff person to endorse your request. This need not be formal, but we need to know who your supervisor is.


 

2.0 Tape Drives

For example, if you are using a tape drive, with the device name rmt/0, to read an exabyte tape that was made using tar, then you might try:

tar -tvf /dev/rmt/0

to get a listing of the files on that tape.

2.2 How do I store data on a tape (back up my data)?
Get a fresh DAT or Exabyte tape (with your own money or a sponsored account), load it, and log onto the attached Sun. You need to know the device name for the tape drive (it may be labeled or you may have to ask around). Go to the directory above the one you wish to store on tape and type

tar -cvf /dev/??? directory

where ??? is the device name (e.g. rst0 or, for Solaris, rmt/0) and directory is the name of the directory. The write light on the tape drive should flash.

If you are writing multiply tar files to a tape, be sure to append 'n' for no-rewind to the device name. For Sun 0/S, the 'n' is appended before the device name (e.g. tar -cvf /dev/nrst0 directory). For Solaris, the 'n' is appended after the device name (e.g. tar -cvf /dev/rmt/0n directory).

Some useful tar commands include:

to rewind on device rmt/0:	mt -f /dev/rmt/0 rewind
to fast forward x files on device rmt/0:	mt -f /dev/rmt/0n fsf x
to place a listing of the files in a tar file into a file:	tar -tvf /dev/rmt/0n >tar.list

3.0 Disk Drives

 3.2 How do I check the space available on a disk?
The command df will list the status of all disks. To see only the disk you are currently on (which you can determine using the pwd command) type "df .".

3.3 What is the nature of the disk quotas?
There are none at present. If you fill up a disk, expect an angry torch-carrying mob to be outside you door by morning.

 3.4 What if the disk fills up?
If the disk you are working on fills up, nobody will be able to do anything. If you are sure you are not the guilty party, simply try to work on another disk. If this is not possible, you may try to find who has filled up the disk and plead your case with them.

4.0 Plotting

4.2 How do I make a large poster or poster title?
Note: the hp1055cm and hp600 both create a small border on the right- and left-hand side of the plot (in the short direction) so they do not actually go all the way to 36 inches.

On the PC

1. Make sure you have installed the printer/plotter you want: a) Startup menu => Settings => Printers => Add Printer. Click Next. Select Network Printer, Next. Next (to browse for printer - this may take a while to show any printers/plotters). Select the printer, Next. The next window asks if this should be your default printer. Select no. (Don't use color printers for default.) Finish.
2. When you're ready to print from a software package (e.g., CorelDraw), go under File, select printer setup. Select your printer. Set the height and width (often under 'Advanced').
3. Under file, select print. Do a print preview if possible.

On the Macintosh

1. Under the 'Apple' on the top menu bar of your Macintosh, select 'chooser.' Scroll down and select 'HP Laser Jet.' To the right of that box, select either hp1055cm or hp600. If there is no icon in front of the printer name, it's not set up properly. If this is so, select 'setup' and use Auto or default configurations.
2. Use Canvas (or Adobe Illustrator) to create your title (or poster) exactly how you want it, including the size. To set the size, under 'File' on the top menu bar, select 'Page Setup' and select the page size for your document. Make your poster/title.
3. Under 'File,' select 'Print.' Check to make sure the correct printer has been assigned.

1. Use IslandDraw to create the poster/title. One dimension (height or width) must be no longer than 35 inches or you will have to piece your poster together. If this is so, consider putting your title on a separate sheet. IslandDraw will read in GMT PostScript files and other file types. Complete your poster and save it as an IslandDraw file.
   (Hint: If your poster consists of several images, decorate each image as a separate file first. Note that GMT often creates invisible boundary boxes around your plots that cause data to disappear when rotated or scaled. To eliminate this: 1) ungroup the image to the point level; 2) re-group it; 3) test this be rotating the image to see if any data disappear. If so, you need to ungroup more. Copy the multiple files onto the main poster file.)
2. If your poster is wider than 35 inches, group the entire image together and rotate it such that the long dimension is vertical and the short is horizontal (no more than 35 inches wide). (Hint: Check to see that no data have disappeared at this point. If they have, see the hint above.)
3. Under 'Options' on the menu bar, select 'Setup' and get the width and height of image.
4. Under 'File' on the menu bar, select 'Print'
   Set 'Printer Setups' to 'PostScript Color'
   Set scaling to 'WYSIWYG'
   Click on the plus sign at bottom right of page to open next page.
   Set correct 'Printer Paper Size'
   Click on 'Printer Setups' at bottom right of page to open next pages.
   Set 'Printer Setups' to 'PostScript Color'
   Set 'Paper Size' to correct size.
5. Under 'File' on menu bar, select 'Save As'.
   Change format (next to 'Save As:') to 'Other Format'.
   File Format should be: 'Printer File'.
   Enter a NEW name in selection box (eg file.ID.ps).
   Click 'Save As' button.
6. You should be able to pageview the PostScript file. If it's very large in size (e.g. greater than 45" long), pageview may cut off some of the bottom of the image, but it is still there.

On the Sun

• Page-sized PostScript files to printers.
  • Set the number of copies in the lpr command (e.g. to make 6 copies of file.out, 'lpr -#6 file.out')
    OR
  • Edit the PostScript file. Before the last 'showpage' in the file (usually at the bottom of the file), add '/#copies xx def' where xx equals the number of copies. For large files (>1Mb), it's better to use this option. When printing large files, be sure to use the -s option (e.g., 'lpr -s -Pp2135 file.ps') and do not modify the file until it is printed.
• Large PostScript files to plotters.
  • When running ulpr, specifiy the number of copies with the -n option (e.g. 'ulpr -Php1055cm -n2 file.ps/')
    OR
  • Edit the PostScript file. Before the last 'showpage' in the file (usually at the bottom of the file), add '/#copies xx def' where xx equals the number of copies. For large files (>1Mb), it's better to use this option. When printing large files, be sure to use the -s option (e.g., 'lpr -s -Pdeskjet file.ps') and do not modify the file until it is printed.

5.0 Digitizing

 5.2 How do I digitize maps, seismic horizons, etc?
UTIG has a large (30 by 42 inches excluding the 'dead' borders) Summagraphics microgrid digitizer tablet in workroom 103. There are programs for the Sun and Mac to digitize data. Be sure to set the small black box next to the Macintosh that's next to the digitizing table) to the appropriate letter (for Sun or Macintosh).

On the Sun
Run telnet and log in to the Sun on the Macintosh next to the digitizing table.

For digitizing seismic horizons or other xy plots, use the program

/usr/local/bin/dstruct

For digitizing a map using a Mercator projection, use:

/disk/plates2/plates.dir/exec/digmerc

For digitizing a map using a Lambert conic projection, use:

/disk/plates2/plates.dir/exec/diglamc

If you have a program you'd like to use, see the programs dstruct.f and map_setup.f in the directory /usr/local/src/digitizer/summagraphics for information on how to access the tablet and for rotating points and the file /usr/local/bin/dstruct for information on how to open the tablet port.

On the Macintosh
Turn on the hard disk under the Mac+. Turn on the Mac+. Open the folder 'Digitizer' and run Dtab 1.0.7a. A dialog box appears, open 'Digitizer Defs' and open 'Microgrid (EJR)'. Under file, select new and select formats. Under 'Conversion' in top menu bar, select the projection of your map/figure. Fill in all 4 points for the plot setup, being sure to click on 'Set' after doing each point. Then click 'OK.'

Paleomap format:
Feature code (e.g. Strike-slip fault=SS, Transform Fault=TF, )
Feature attribute (e.g. station #204 = 204)
Description
Beginning and end ages (999, -999)
2-digit region number (e.g. 99)
2-digit reference number (e.g. 99)
String number (e.g. 1)
color code (e.g. 0<)br> Plate ID number (e.g. North America = 101)

For Paleomap format, use button 2 to start digitizing a new feature and button 1 to continue digitizing. Button 3 signifies new string (so you can enter new info to the above format). Note: /disk/plates2/plates.dir/exec/plates2gmt will convert from Paleomap format to GMT format.

6.0 Networking and File Sharing

6.2 How do I know if our network connection is down?
If the connection goes down, you will not be able to connect to computers outside UTIG, send or receive email, use WWW, or the telephone.

6.3 How do I make a file available to others with anonymous FTP?
Log in to ftp.ig.utexas.edu and put your file in the directory ~ftp/outgoing/yourname. If you have several files, you may make a subdirectory for them (use your login name for the subdirectory). Make sure the file protection is set correctly - you can type:
chmod 777 *
Now, anyone in the world can ftp to ftp.ig.utexas.edu, login as anonymous and transfer the files from the "outgoing" directory. They may also send files into the "incoming" directory from where you may retrieve them locally. If you want to do this, please create a directory (use your login name for the directory) in incoming. Please remove files once transfers are completed. You will not be able to do this if you have not already created a directory.

6.4 How can I transfer files between Macintosh computers?
There are several ways to do this. If the other Macintosh is at the Institute, simply put the file in your Public Folder and others may transfer a copy to their Macintosh by accessing Public Folder in the Chooser. If the other user is far away, they may retrieve a copy anonymously from utig2. Unless the file is text only, be sure to set your Macintosh Telnet session to "MacBinary" file transfer protocol before copying the file to utig2 (see section 6.5). The receiver should do the same before anonymously downloading it.

6.5 How can I transfer files between a Sun and a Macintosh?
One way to due this is using FTP (file transfer protocol) via the NCSA Telnet program.

1. Run Telnet. Under 'File' in the menu bar, select 'Open Connection' and log in to your account on utig2.ig.utexas.edu. cd to the directory to which you wish to transfer the file on the Sun. Note that for plotting you should "cd /utig/usr3/yourname" and for placing items for anonymous ftp you should "cd ~ftp/outgoing". Then do either A) or B) depending on version of Telnet you are using.
   
   • A) Telnet 2.3. Under 'File' in the menu bar, select 'FTP enable' and select 'Set Transfer Directory.' A dialogue box should appear. Go to the Macintosh folder where you have your file and select 'Set Directory.'
     or
     
   • B) Telnet 2.6. Put a copy of your epsf file in your main hard disk folder so ftp can find it. Under 'File' in the menu bar, select 'FTP enable.'
2. Under 'Network' in the menu bar, select 'Send FTP Command.' You should get the prompt: ftp> . If you wish to transfer the file as a Mac binary file (readable by other Macs, e.g. for anonymous ftp) you should now enable "MacBinary" in the Telnet File menu and then type "binary" in the FTP window on the Sun. To send the file type:
   get filename
   quit

   You should now have the c-shell prompt again.
   

6.6 How do I collaborate on a figure with a far-flung colleague?
This question has many possible answers depending upon the file formats to be used by you and your colleague. In the best possible case, you are both using the same program (Canvas, IslandDraw, etc). In this case, the originator simply saves the file and emails it as a Eudora attachment or places it in the anonymous ftp.

If files are to be shared between different softwares (e.g. between Canvas and Illustrator) or operating systems (e.g. between IBM and Macintosh), then a common format will have to be used. The most usable format is PICT, because this preserves objects of the drawing which the receiving party may then modify. TIFF is another possibility, but reduces the image to a bitmap which is difficult to modify. Postscript may be opened with IslandDraw (Sun) or Illustrator (Mac) and is cumbersome to modify, but will print very nicely.

 6.7 How are files sent using email?
Email only handles ascii text files, so if one is to send a file via email, it must be converted to text. There are several options for this. The easiest way is to use the Macintosh email program, Eudora. Eudora allows one to specify files to attach to a mail message and automatically converts them from binary to hexadecimal format and appends them to the end of your email message. It also automatically recognizes hexidecimal attachments on incoming email messages and converts them to binary files and saves them on the computer.

 Files may also be converted manually and/or sent from the Sun. In this case, one needs to use utility programs to make the conversions from binary to text. Programs like Stuffit, BinHex, and Uuencode for the Mac are publicly available and can deal with such conversions. Uuencode and Uudecode are available on the Sun, as well as a program called mcvert which will convert from hexadecimal (*.hqx) format to Mac binary format.

6.8 How do I use mount a UNIX volume with Appleshare?
The Sun workstation server utig2 runs software called CAP which allows the Sun function as a Macintosh Appleshare server. One may store Macintosh files on the server just as if it were a hard disk volume connected to the Mac. Here's how:

1. Edit the ".afpvols" file in your home directory on the Sun system. Entries should have a Unix pathname followed by a colon and the name to be used for the volume in the Appleshare window. For example, if you wish to mount the directory /utig/usr2/ben/apple under the name "Apple", you would put the following entry in your ".afpvols" file:
   /utig/usr2/ben/apple:Apple
2. Open Appleshare in the Chooser on your Mac and select the zone "IG.ATRIUM", then click on "UTIG2" and enter your Sun username and password. You will see several Appleshare volume names, including any defined in your ".afpvols" file.
   Scratch-this is a temporary space for large files (USR3). All files are deleted Sundays.
   BIG-this is another space to store large files (USR6). They do not get deleted.
   AppleInfo-some Mac freeware is located here.
3. You may copy files freely between your Mac and the UNIX filesystem. You should only delete files from the Mac side since CAP actually makes three files for each Mac file. You may backup your Mac by copying all the files onto a UNIX volume and then writing them to a tape (see section2.2)

7.0 Software

• ERMapper - remotely sensed data manipulation, GIS
• Framemaker - page layout, newsletter production
• Ghostscript - postscript previewer
• GMsys - gravity and magnetics modeling
• GMT - mapping tools
• GeoQuest - seismic and well log package
• GeoVecteur - seismic processing
• IslandDraw - object - oriented drawing
• IslandPaint - bitmap graphics
• IslandTable - table layout
• IslandWrite - word processing
• Latex - page layout
• Matlab - matrix manipulations toolbox, graphics
• MBSystem - multibeam data processing tool set
• Netscape - web browser
• Pageview - postscript previewer
• Sioseis - seismic data processing
• SoftPC - PC emulation
• Spyglass - graphics, digital image processing and display
• Uniras - seismic prosessing

 To make it easy to add the right directories to your path, simply set a switch in your .cshrc file which is appropriate for any software you wish to use. Some switches available include:

 

CC_201	new release of C compiler (not implemented)
CPLUS	C++ compiler
CPLUS_201	new release of C++ compiler (not implemented)
DQS	Distributed Queueing System (experimental)
EMACS	EMACS editor
ERMAP	Earth Resources Mapper (ERMAPPER)
default f77	F77 1.4 for SunOS or F77 201 for Solaris
F77_201	newer release of Fortran compiler (both SunOS and Solaris)
F77_300	newer release of Fortran compiler (Solaris only)
F77_301	newest release of Fortran compiler (Solaris only)
GHOST	ghostview & ghostscript postscript viewer
GMSYS	evaluation copy of gravity and magnetics modelling
GMT	SOEST/SIO GMT 2.1.4 programs
GMT3	SOEST/SIO GMT 3.0 programs
GNU	GNU software gcc, etc.
GQS	GeoQuest interpretation software
GUIDE	Openwindows code generator software "guide"
IESX	New version of IES; similar to GQS
ISLAND	Island Graphics write/paint/draw
MAN	A better Manual page reader
MATLAB	MATLAB package
MB	MBsystem - MultiBeam processing from Lamont
MOTIF	Motif libraries (If MOTIF is before OW - use Motif window manager)
NUCLEUS	Nucleus seismic array modeling software
OW2	Openwindows (Use openlook window manager)
OW3	Openwindows (Use openlook window manager)
OW	Openwindows (Use openlook window manager)
OVW	Use Openlook VIRTUAL window manager
PBMPLUS	Portable Bitmap raster utilities
PRESENTS	DECpresents drawing package
PVM	PVM3 parallel virtual machine system from Oak Ridge NL
RASTER	PBMPLUS, Utah Raster Toolkit, and SDSC conversions
SIERRA	Sierra Geophysics applications
SOFTPC	Insignia SoftPC v1.2
SU	Seismic Unix (Colorado School of Mines)
TK	Tcl and Tk interpeter and window driver
TEX	TeX typesetting programs "latex"
TGIF	TGIF Xwindows drawing tool
UNIRAS	UNIRAS postscript drawing applications

 

 7.3 How can I find out what licenses are in use on the Sun?
Type lmstat on any of the Sun computers and the license manager will display a list of all the licenses and which are in use and by whom.

 7.4 What Macintosh software is available?
A partial listing of the more popular software packages on the public machines is as follows.

• Adobe Acrobat - postscript previewer
• Canvas - object - oriented graphics
• Endnote - bibliographic software
• Excel - spreadsheet, graphing
• Ghostscript - postscript previewer
• Hypercard - graphic database
• Illustrator - graphics
• MacDraw - object - oriented graphics
• Microsoft Word - word processing
• Netscape - web browser
• PowerPoint - slide, presentation production
• SuperPaint - bitmapped graphics

7.5 What PC software is available?
PC software can be downloaded via this path:
My Network Places => Entire Network => Microsoft Windows Network => Ig => ignite => software => Install

8.0 Data Bases

• seismic data (http://www.ig.utexas.edu/srws)
• ship-track data (along-track data; interpretted magnetic anomalies & fracture zones)
  
• present-day plate boundaries (in digital GMT formatted file: /disk/plates2/plates.dir/data/tecdata/platebound.gmt for use with psxy -M )

8.2 Which non-UTIG data bases are available at UTIG?

• NGDC ship-track data
• NGDC Worldwide Digital Terrain Data
• Topography
• Gravity
• Volcanoes
• Meteor craters
• Earthquakes

• Topography/Bathymetry
  A) GTOPO30 and Predicted Bathymetry file
  Reference: Smith, W.H.F., and Sandwell, D.T., 1997, Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277:1956-1962 (v. 6.2).
  File 1: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/global.atlantic.logo.ps.hp
  - global topo file, centered on Atlantic, ready to print
  lpr -s -Php1055cm global.atlantic.logo.ps.hp
  File 2: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/global.pacific.logo.ps.hp
  - global topo file, centered on Pacific, ready to print
  lpr -s -Php1055cm global.pacific.logo.ps.hp
  NOTE: files may be gzipped. If so, copy to your directory and unzip with gunzip file
  You can not view these using pageview as they already have the hp commands in the PostScript.
  

  File 3: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/topo_6.2.img
  - this image file combines the GTOPO30 on-shore data with the 'predicted' (i.e., combined ship-track and free-air gravity data) bathymetry. Data-spacing = 2 minutes
  - to use: run /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/img2xyt to pull out your geographic window as an xyz file and then run GMT's lockmean, surface and grdimage commands to create a plot.
  (You can use surface to make the grid-size smaller for more detailed plots.)
  Note: img2xyt expects positive longitude (i.e., 0 to 360).
  

  File 4: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/glob.grd
  File 5: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/glob.grad
  - glob.grd is a GMT-ready grid file (2-minute grid) (i.e., you don't have to run img2xyt, surface or blockmean first) and glob.grad is its gradient file ('lit' from the north). Simply run grdimage with your geographic window to get a PostScript file.
  

  File 6: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/haxby.glob.cpt
  File 7: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/hp.plot.dir/haxby.glob.bar
  - color palette and color bars for use with GMT
  

  File 8: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/topo/topo_6.2/topo.com
  - GMT script to plot a topo map
  

  B) bathymetric contours
  Reference: General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans, International Hydrographic Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission/Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa, Ontario.
  Files: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/Gebco/sheetxxx/*m.gmt
  - files are in 500m contours (e.g. 500m.gmt, 1000m.gmt, 1500m.gmt, etc.)
  - files are in GMT xy format for use with psxy -M
  

  You can also use grdcontour using the Smith and Sandwell data listed above

• Free-air gravity
  Reference: Smith, W.H.F., and Sandwell, D.T., 1995, Marine gravity field from declassified Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry, EOS, Fall Meeting Abstracts, 76(46): F156 (version 7.2).
  File 1: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/global.atlantic.logo.ps.hp
  - global grav file, centered on Atlantic, ready to print
  lpr -s -Php600 global.atlantic.logo.ps.hp
  File 2: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/global.pacific.logo.ps.hp
  - global grav file, centered on Pacific, ready to print
  lpr -s -Php600 global.pacific.logo.ps.hp
  NOTE: files may be gzipped. If so, copy to your directory and unzip with gunzip.
  

  File 3: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min.v9.2/world_grav.img.9.2
  - this image file has the free-air gravity data (2-minutes)
  - to use: run /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min.v9.2/img2xyz to pull out your geographic window as an xyz file and then run GMT's blockmean, surface and grdimage commands to create a plot.
  (You can use surface to make the grid-size smaller for more detailed plots.)
  Note: img2xyt expects positive longitude (i.e., 0 to 360).
  

  File 4: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/glob.grd
  File 5: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/glob.grad
  - glob.grd is a GMT-ready grid file (2-minute grid) (i.e., you don't have to run img2xyt, surface or blockmean first) and glob.grad is its gradient file ('lit' from the north). Simply run grdimage with your geographic window to get a PostScript file.
  

  File 6: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/gravity.cpt
  File 7: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/hp.plot.dir/gravity.bar
  - color palette and color bars for use with GMT
  

  File 8: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/gravity/GRAV_2_min/grav.com
  - GMT script to plot a grav map
  

• Volcanoes
  Reference: Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (Jan. 1999)
  File: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/volcanos/volcanos.gmt
  - GMT-formatted file of the location of the Holocene volcanoes, taken from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program website. Stored as:
  latitude longitude place type
  - use psxy -M -: to plot with GMT
  

• Meteor craters
  References: Grieve, R.A.F., 1991, Terrestrial impacts: The record in the rocks, Meteoritics, 26:175-195.
  Beatty, J.K., Petersen, C.C., and Chaikin, A., The New Solar System, Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 396-398.
  File 1: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/craters/meteors.craters.gmt
  - GMT-formatted file of the location of meteor crators, stored as
  longitude latitude size(km)
  - to plot with GMT, use psxy -M -W1 -Sx0.1
  File 2: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/craters/meteor.craters.size.gmt
  - GMT-formatted file with crater as a circle
  - to plot with GMT, use psxy -M
  

• Earthquakes
  Websites for:
  - for focal mechanisms: http://www.seismology.harvard.edu/ or http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/sopar/
  - for epicenters: http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic.html
  In house data: best bet is to see Cliff Frohlich to determine what's best for you.
  A) Engdahl eqs
  Reference: file from Cliff Frohlich taken from Engdahl's (Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination, Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., 88. 722-743) file.
  File: /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/eq/Engdahl.good.gmt
  - stored as latitude longitude depth (use psxy -M -:
  

  b) ISC eqs
  ISC earthquakes can be found in /disk/mc3/users/lisa/Earthquakes. The files are:
  ISC_global_eqs.dat
  NOT_ISC_global_eqs.dat
  Both of these have the data in columnar form, with longitude in column 9, latitude in column 8. The file gmt.ISC.com is a GMT script for plotting the eqs. gmt.ISC_depth.com will also plot, sorting by depth.

8.4 What is the reference for the ERS-1 data?
Sandwell, D.T. and Smith, W.H.F., 1997, Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS 1 satellite altimetry, Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, vol. 102(B5): 10039-10054.

8.5 How do I make a map with gridded bathymetry and topography?
Check out the topography section above. Copy the files topo.com and text.gmt from the directory:
/disk/plates2/global_data/topo/topo_6.2
to your working directory. Change the scale and region info in grav.com and the xy positions of the labels in text.gmt to suit your needs.

8.6 How do I make a map with contoured bathymetry?
You use the directions in section 8.5 above to make a contoured bathymetry/topography map or you can proceed with the section below.

 UTIG has a copy of the digitized bathymetric (topography not available) contours from the GEBCO maps (1997 version). These data should be referenced according to the authorship of each particular sheet whenever possible (e.g., for Sheet 14 south of Australia, the reference is: Falconer, R.H.K. and M. Tharp, 1981, General Bathymetric Map of the Oceans, scale 1:10000000, sheet 5-14, Canadian Hydrographic Service.). These contour files are stored in /disk/plates2/global_data/Gebco.

The files ending with ".gmt" are GMT-formatted, xy files. These are global files divided by contour interval (e.g. 2000m.gmt contains all of the 2000m contours ). A file exists for every 500m, from 500m to 9500m. (Check the actual GEBCO maps to determine exactly which contours are in your area.) These files can be plotted using the GMT program psxy (be sure to include the -M option). For example:

psxy -V -O -K -R -Jm -M -W1 /disk/mc3/users/lisa/global_data/Gebco/2000m.gmt >> bath.ps

9.0 Html

10.0 Miscellaneous

On the PC
Copy your file to your Public Folder on ignite. Use Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, or Canvas to open the file.

On the Macintosh
Transfer your file to a Macintosh (see section 6.5). Use Adobe Illustrator or Canvas5.0 to open the file. For lower versions of Canvas, you can run EPStoPICT and create a PICT file that you can open in Canvas.

10.2 How can I send a mail message to everyone at UTIG?
Address your mail to allhands. It will be sent to everyone at the Institute.

10.3 What should I do about email if I go on vacation?
If you use Eudora, you can have someone run the program on your computer every couple of days and download all your mail to your computer. If you read mail on the Suns, put the following command in your ".forward" file: | cat >> file. Your mail will be appended into the file, which you may wish to make unreadable by others before you leave.

10.4 How can I get earthquake epicenter locations?
Go here.

10.5 How can I make a slide of the computer screen?
You'll need film, a camera, a shutter release, a level and a tripod.

Suggestions for:

type of film:	Fujichrome
shutter speed:	100 speed
f-stop:	1 second
aperature:	f5.6 - f7.8

Talk to the draftperson, Gwen Watson, for details.

Load the film in the camera. Place camera on tripod in front of computer screen and attach the shutter release. Make sure you can see what you want to photograph in the viewfinder. Use the level to level both the computer monitor and the camera. Set the shutter speed to 1 second and the f-stop to f5.6. Turn off the lights and shut the door before taking the slides. It is recommended you take 3 slides of each image - remember to advance the film after each slide. Take one slide using an f-stop of f5.6; turn the f-stop half-way towards f7.8 and take a second slide; turn the f-stop to f7.8 and take a third shot. Return the f-stop back to f5.6 for the next image and repeat. Back-in-a-Flash and Austin Photolab can develop the film. Depending on the brightness of your image, you may want to vary the f-stop.

Ben's tip: Remember that anything you can display on a Sun screen, you can capture into a file for printing, slidemaking, etc. Under OpenWindows, choose "Snapshot" from the Programs menu to capture a window or the whole screen. The file is saved as a Sun rasterfile. Open this file using xv and save it in the format of your choice (jpeg, GIF, PICT, Postscript, etc.) or send it to the printer. This method works well with Postscript files which may be viewed with PageView and easily converted to JPEGs.

10.6 How do I use the Apple QuickTake 150 digital camera?
The Institute has a digital camera available for checkout. It is an Apple QuickTake 150 and stores up to 24 full-color images which may be then downloaded to a Macintosh computer. Here's how:

1. Get the camera. See Gwen Watson.
2. Shoot some pictures. The camera turns on when you open the cover. Point it at your subject and poke the shutter release on the top. For inside pictures you will need the flash, which should fire automatically. The top left button controls the flash, the top right the resolution (high or normal), the bottom right the self-timer. The smaller button on the bottom left erases the pictures in memory.
3. Download the pictures. The Photoflash software is loaded on the Hesperides PowerMac 8100 in the student computer lab. Slide open the doggy door on the camera and connect the 9-pin serial cable. Connect the other end to the Modem port (with the telephone icon) on the Macintosh. Turn on the camera. Start up the Photoflash software and choose "Download all Images" from the Scripts menu. They will all appear on the screen and you may manipulate them and save the ones you like. I recommend opening them in GraphicConverter for web page work.

10.7 How do I calculate the distance between two latitude/longitude points?
Run the program: /disk/plates2/plates.dir/exec/dist on the Sun

10.8 Where can I get information on SIOSEIS?
Using Netscape on the Sun, open the file /home/utig3/henkart/doc_html/index.html
This will lead you to all kinds of information on SIOSEIS.

10.9 Where can I get current MATLAB documentation?
Using Netscape on the Sun, open the file /usr/local/matlab/toolbox/matlab/doc/ReferenceTOC.html