KN190 Cruise Report
Vibracoring on the
(A PDF version of this document is also available)
Ship: R/V Knorr; Dates: 31 July – 13 August, 2007; Ports: Woods Hole to
Woods Hole
Science Party:
Dr. John Goff, Chief Scientist, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG);
Dr.
James Austin, Co-Chief
Scientist, (UTIG); Dr.
Beth Christensen,
Adelphi University (AU) (and visiting scientist at UTIG); Dr. Ron Steel, University of Texas Department of Geological
Sciences (UTDGS); Dr.
Brandon Dugan,
Rice University (RU); Mr. Stanley
Stackhouse, Student, UTDGS; Mr.
Manasij
Santra, Student, UTDGS; Ms. Amanda
Uster, Student, AU; Mr. Darren Daly,
Student, AU; Ms. Alison Jones, MATE
(Marine Advanced Technology Education) Intern, San Jose State Univ.; Ms.
Monica Price, MATE Intern, Coastal Carolina University; Ms. Susan Holt, secondary school
teacher, Phoenix; Ms. Dana Brown,
Student, Georgia State University; Mr.
Hugh Daigle, Student, RU; Mr. Steve
Sullivan, Sea Surveyor, Inc. (SSI); Mr.
Shawn Emard, SSI; Mr. Tom Hamel, SSI; Mr.
Robin Lewis, SSI
Scientific Objectives
The primary objective of the KN190 cruise was to sample shallow
stratigraphic targets on the
Figure
1. Location map of target areas for
KN190 sampling efforts on the
combine to form a detailed
picture of the shallow stratigraphy related to the last ~50,000 years of
eustacy on this shelf. Samples collected
during KN190 and subsequent analyses will provide additional geologic ground
truth as to the timing, depositional environments, and physical properties of
the imaged strata. The principal
stratigraphic targets are illustrated on one of the central dip lines through
the survey area (Fig. 2). These include:
(1) a regional reflector, “R”, formed
about 40,000 years ago; (2) two sequences of sediment wedges on the
outer shelf, identified as the “outer shelf wedge” and “shelf edge wedge”
(separated by the prominent reflector
“W”, see Fig. 2), which were likely deposited during sea level fall prior to
the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); (3) channels formed by fluvial downcutting
during the LGM, and later filled with an estuarine sequence during Holocene sea
level rise; (4) a ravinement surface, ”T”, created by shoreface erosion during
transgression, which is associated with a lag deposit of coarse-grained
sediment; and (5) the surficial sand sheet veneering the seafloor, formed
during the Holocene into sand ridges up to 10 m thick. Key references supporting this work include:
Figure
2. CHIRP seismic dip profile crossing
the
Background
The
Of all the sampling options for the New Jersey shelf, the most
promising appeared to be the AHC-800 (Active Heave Compensation to 800 m) drilling
system, which was developed and is operated by the DOSECC (Drilling,
Observation and Sampling of the Earths Continental Crust) consortium. The AHC-800 is a modified version of DOSECC’s
lake-drilling system, which generally operates off moored barges. The AHC-800 system was developed with ONR
funds, and for its first deployment was used for the ONR-sponsored Geoclutter
project on the
After consulting with our sponsors and collaborators, we
decided to press on with the cruise using a commercial vibracoring system. This option was attractive for two reasons:
(1) we would be able to attempt to core in many more locations (perhaps 10
times as many) than would have been possible with the AHC-800, and (2) with our
vast collection of chirp seismic data, we could pinpoint erosional windows that
that would allow us to sample most of our target strata with shorter cores,
avoiding in most locations the difficult-to-recover Holocene sand layer. We did
not feel that waiting another year was a viable option, given both personnel
commitments and difficulties in scheduling the Knorr (which is the only UNOLS vessel from which the AHC-800 could
operate; an improved DP system had been installed following the 2001 AHC-800
cruise) for an optimal weather window. To
try to maximize our recovery, we decided to operate with the most powerful
vibracore available: an Alpine pneumatic system supplied by Sea Surveyor, Inc. (SSI)
(Figure 3a). We selected SSI following a
competitive bid process. Using such a
system was in itself a significant challenge, because they are typically operated
only in shallower water. However, along
with the SSI contractors, we felt that the water pressure issues could be
overcome by operating with a larger air compressor and stronger hoses.
Operations
Vibracoring
Unfortunately, operation of the vibracorer did not go as expected. We encountered two obstacles that made it
largely impossible to carry out our planned scientific mission: (1) recovering
the vibracorer air hoses (armored to withstand hydrostatic pressures to be
expected at water depths of >100 m) was a far more taxing manpower task than
originally anticipated, preventing us from operating in water depths more than ~80
m and on a 24-hr a day schedule, and (2) despite getting what appeared to be
sufficient air pressure to the seafloor, the vibrating mechanism failed to
operate effectively in water depths more than ~50 m.
In SSI’s previous vibracoring experience, air hoses could
readily be deployed and brought back on board with a few crew, particularly
since, being filled with air, they tended to float to the surface as the
vibracorer was hauled back to the ship.
However, with the reinforced air hoses purchased for this job, they were
considerably heavier and did not readily float to the surface. In addition, after a few deployments, the air
hoses became heavier still as water infiltrated between inner and outer liners,
outside the metal armoring. Hauling in
the air hoses required more personnel than we had budgeted for a single 12-hour
shift, and eventually became too arduous for the outer continental shelf water
depths that we envisioned. To deal with
the manpower issue, after 6 days of operation we went to a single 12-hour shift
for coring operations. This worked well,
as we were able to be very efficient and productive during that time. On average, an entire vibracoring operation
took ~1.5 hr.
Figure 3. Instrument deployment: (a) vibracorer and (b) gravity corer.
The most serious issue was the generally poor performance of
the vibracorer in water depths >50 m; the reason is still a mystery to
us. As evidenced by the air coming out
of the return air hoses at these depths, we appeared to be getting sufficient
air through the vibracoring mechanism.
Nonetheless, the head simply wasn’t vibrating with sufficient energy for
significant penetration. This was most
in evidence to those handling the air hoses.
As the vibracorer was lowered to the seafloor, it would always be
vibrating during the descent, and the vibration could at first be felt through
the hoses on deck. However, below ~50 m
water depth, such hose vibration became much more attenuated, to the point
where it could not be felt by handlers.
That the vibracore was indeed vibrating to some degree while on the
seafloor at these depths was evident by the fact that the nose cone became
highly polished (at least when deployed at sandier sites), but negligible
penetration of the core barrel was usually achieved. Occasionally, we did obtain vibracores up to
~2 m long in softer sediments. Sample
locations in deeper water are listed in the Appendix and are also shown in
Figure 4.
Figure
4. Location map for all cores collected and attempted on the outer
To see if vibracorer performance improved in shallower depths,
we selected a number of coring sites within the Barnegat Corridor (Fig. 1), in
~25-35 m of water, where we also had substantial bathymetric, CHIRP seismic and
grab sample data (funded by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.). However, not having anticipated coring in
this region, we only had illustrations of Barnegat Corridor profiles with us,
rather than the digital CHIRP seismic data for that area, so navigation was not
as precise as would normally have been the case. These data were first published in
Figure
5. Location map for vibracores collected within the Barnegat Corridor. Bathymetric map (contours in meters,
artificial illumination from the North) is from available multibeam data. CHIRP seismic reflection track lines from JOI,
Inc.-funded work are shown.
Gravity Coring
Our difficulties with operating the vibracorer on the outer
shelf prompted us to try utilizing a gravity corer provided by SSI as a
contingency tool to obtain more samples in our primary middle-outer continental
shelf working area (Fig. 1). The gravity
corer (Fig. 3b) was 1 m long and weighted on its fins with 200 lb of lead. Deployment was very simple and quick, and
could be accomplished during weather conditions that otherwise precluded
operating the vibracorer. More than 100
gravity core casts were conducted. When
successful, the gravity corer penetrated the surface mixed layer to obtain a
plug of stiff clay in the nose cone, which can be assumed to represent
undisturbed, in situ sediment samples
of the tops of the outer shelf and shelf edge wedges. In general, we tried to make three attempts
at sampling each site chosen, unless it was clear that the seafloor was sandy
and unreceptive to the gravity core.
Additional sites were chosen to try to maximize sampling of the wedges
within erosional windows. Where cores
were unsuccessful, we were often able to obtain either a scraping of clay/mud
from the outer barrel, or shelly/sandy material caught in the core
catcher. We bagged all samples we deemed
significant enough to keep. All gravity
core casts are listed in the Appendix, and locations are shown in Figure 4.
Core Processing and Logging
Cores from successful vibracorer attempts were cut, where
appropriate, into 1.5 m-long sections.
Each section was logged in the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) (Fig. 6a)
for acoustic velocity (230 kHz), gamma-ray density, and magnetic
susceptibility. Cores were then stored
in a refrigerated van for post-cruise transport to the Core Repository at the
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for preliminary processing (expected in
September 2007). This will include
splitting, digital photography, and visual geologic description. Several core sections were split onboard for
preliminary examination and for educational purposes (Fig. 6b). These cores were photographed and graphically
described, and later stored in D-tubes in the refrigerated van and transported
with the unsplit cores to Lamont.
Figure 6. Core processing photos: (a) GeoTek core logger (here going through calibration with water-filled liner) and (b) a split core (from site 162_02, through outer-shelf channel-fill sediments: clay with sand lenses).
Short gravity cores were extracted to preserve as much stratigraphic
context as possible. Often the available
core consisted only of a ~10-15 cm plug in the nose cone/core catcher, with a
roughly equal amount of material in the liner.
In some cases, we were able to push the entire section into the liner
with the bottom of a plastic cup, and to preserve its integrity that way. Where that was not possible, we were at some
other times able to extrude the section intact into a split liner, then close
it with duck tape. Where the core
section could not be kept intact, separate samples were bagged according to
their depth in the core. We also kept all
gravity cores and other bagged samples refrigerated, then transported them in
the cold van to Lamont for initial processing along with the vibracores.
Multibeam Mapping
We made the best use of our 12 hours/day of non-coring time,
after shifting to 12-hour operations, by conducting a multibeam bathymetry and
backscatter survey with the Knorr’s
12 kHz SeaBeam system. Although the acoustic
frequency is too low to be optimal for continental shelf water depths, the
system still provided useful data to augment the available multibeam coverage. We designed track lines to extend the outer
shelf multibeam coverage landward, in particular covering areas that included
CHIRP seismic coverage but which had not previously been covered by multibeam (Fig.
1).
Stratigraphic Context for Samples
Included with our list of sample sites (Appendix, last column)
is a preliminary attempt to place each sample in stratigraphic context. This is particularly critical for the outer
shelf and shelf edge wedge samples, where we were unable to obtain anything
resembling continuous sections. Instead,
we have a number of spot samples at various locations within the stratigraphy
of each wedge.
Figure 7 displays a CHIRP seismic section through a portion of
the outer-shelf wedge (OSW), which is the older of the two wedges. This profile also demonstrates the deep
erosional swales in the modern bathymetry that provide our best windows for
sampling the OSW with
Figure 7. CHIRP seismic data through part of the outer shelf wedge, demonstrating stratigraphic identifications used for samples (see Appendix). Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). See Fig. 4 for location.
shallow coring. The OSW is divided into a stratified lower
section and a largely transparent upper section; the boundary is a highly
erose, enigmatic, and non-reflective horizon (E). We further partition the stratified section
into four parts, three of which are observed on Figure 7: OSW_A, the oldest
unit of the OSW which lies between the R and S horizons; OSW_B, which lies
between reflector S and w1, an internal horizon which is one of only two that
we have been able to trace across the whole of the mapped portion of the OSW;
and OSW_C, which lies between w1 and E. Another section, OSW-D, is observed only in a
very limited area, and appears largely to have been physically replaced by the
transparent unit over most of the coverage through unknown processes. We further divide the transparent unit into
upper (OSW_UT) and lower (OSW_LT) parts, although there is no clear boundary
separating the two. Samples identified
as OSW_LT are all within 5 ms of the “E”
horizon. Unfortunately, due to a
navigational error in picking the site, we failed to obtain a sample in the
OSW_A section accessible at the base of the deepest erosional swale. Locations where we might have penetrated
OSW_D appeared to have too much sand on top of them. However, we were able to obtain numerous
cores and plugs, plus a variety of scrapings, from the OSW_B, OSW_C, OSW_LT and
OSW_UT sections.
Elements of the younger shelf edge wedge (SEW) are displayed in
Figure 8. This wedge lies at the
continental shelf edge, which is just off the image. Wedge strata are generally truncated at the
seafloor by erosion. We distinguish four
SEW sub-sections (SEW_A through SEW_D) separated by high amplitude reflectors
S1-3. We obtained short cores from all
sections except SEW_B, although scrapings were obtained from each.
Figure 8. CHIRP seismic data through an eroded portion of the shelf edge wedge, demonstrating stratigraphic identifications used for sample description (see Appendix). Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). Gravity core locations are also indicated with vertical lines (black = plug core, blue = scraping). See Fig. 4 for location.
We obtained just one vibracore within channel-fill sediments on
the outer shelf (Figure 9), but it was a very critical one. This core penetrated through a thin surface
layer of sand into a muddy unit interpreted by Nordfjord et al. (2006) as
“central bay mud” of an estuarine fill sequence. The boundary between the sand and mud appears
to be Nordfjord’s seismic horizon B3, which separates the central bay mud unit
from what she interpreted as estuary mouth sands. These units have not been previously sampled,
and this core may provide a strong corroboration
of Nordfjord et al.’s interpretation of the channel fill stratigraphy.
Figure 9. CHIRP seismic profile across an eroded portion of an outer-shelf channel. Vibracore location 162_02 is the only KN190 sample from the fill strata of these channels. Yellow dot indicates approximate depth of penetration. Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). See Fig. 4 for location.
Figure 10 displays a CHIRP seismic profile across a pair of mid-shelf
channels within the Barnegat Corridor, first reported by
Figure 10. CHIRP seismic line across a paired channel system along the Barnegat Corridor. Horizon “C” is the base of the channel. Vibracore locations are indicated by vertical lines, with yellow dots indicating approximate depth of penetration. Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). See Fig. 5 for location.
Two sand ridges were cored within the Barnegat
Corridor (Figures 11 and 12). These sand
ridges are the topic of a recently-submitted manuscript by Goff and
Duncan. In seismic section, the ridges
often exhibit seaward-dipping reflectors. Mostly, these are very subtle in the CHIRP
seismic data (e.g., Figure 12), but in Figure 11 (identified as “Ridge D” in
the Goff and
Figure 11. CHIRP seismic profile across Ridge “D” within the Barnegat Corridor. Horizon “T” is the basal horizon for the Holocene sands, and is interpreted as the Holocene transgressive ravinement surface. A prominent, dipping reflector is also identified. Vibracore locations are indicated by vertical lines, with yellow dots indicating approximate depths of penetration. Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). See Fig. 5 for location.
Figure 12. CHIRP seismic profile across Ridge “I” within the Barnegat Corridor. Horizon “T” is the basal horizon for the Holocene sands, and is interpreted as the transgressive ravinement surface. Several subtle, dipping reflectors are also identified. Vibracore locations are indicated by vertical lines, with yellow dots indicating approximate depths of penetration. Vertical scale assumes water velocity (1500 m/s). See Fig. 5 for location.
Student Participation/Outreach
One of the truly rewarding aspects about KN190 was that we had
tremendous student participation (Fig. 13).
These included:
Figure
13. KN190 science party on the transit home with their brand-new Knorr hats. Standing (L to R): Susan Holt,
(1) Two UT/DGS graduate
students: Manasij Santra, a student of Ron Steel, who is helping to interpret
some of the chirp data as part of his PhD research, and Stanley Stackhouse, a
newly enrolled master’s student advised
by Goff and Christensen who will work on the sedimentological analysis of these
samples.
(2) Two undergraduates,
Darren Daly and Amanda Uster, from
(3) One graduate student
from Georgia Tech, Dana Brown, who is finishing up her Master’s thesis with
Beth Christensen as her advisor. Dana
also works on an outreach program in
(4) Two MATE (Marine
Advanced Technology Education) undergraduate interns, Monica Price from
(5) One graduate student at
In addition, we also brought Susan Holt, a high school teacher
from
References
Duncan, C. S., 2001. Late
Quaternary Stratigraphy and Seafloor Morphology of the
Duncan, C. S., Goff, J. A., Austin, J. A., Fulthorpe C. S., 2000. Tracking the last sea level cycle: seafloor morphology and shallow stratigraphy of the latest Quaternary New Jersey middle continental shelf. Mar. Geol. 170, 395-421.
Goff, J. A., and C. S. Duncan, Reexamination of sand ridges on the
middle and outer
Goff, J. A., Swift, D. J. P., Duncan, C. S., Mayer, L. A., Hughes-Clarke, J., 1999. High resolution swath sonar investigation of sand ridge, dune and ribbon morphology in the offshore environment of the New Jersey Margin. Mar. Geol. 161, 309-339.
Goff, J. A., Kraft, B.
J., Mayer, L. A., Schock, S. G., Sommerfield, C. K., Olson, H. C., Gulick, S.
P. S., Nordfjord, S., 2004. Seabed
characterization on the
Goff, J. A., Austin, J. A. Jr., Gulick, S., Nordfjord, S., Christensen,
B., Sommerfield, C., Olson, H., Alexander, C., 2005. Recent and modern marine erosion
on the
Gulick, S. P. S., Goff, J. A., Austin, J. A. Jr., Alexander, C. R.
Jr., Nordfjord, S., Fulthorpe, C. S., 2005. Basal inflection-controlled
shelf-edge wedges off
Nordfjord, S., 2005. Late Quaternary Geologic History of
Nordfjord, S., Goff, J. A., Austin, J. A. Jr., Sommerfield, C. K.,
2005. Seismic geomorphology of buried
channel systems on
Nordfjord, S., Goff, J. A., Austin, J.
A. Jr., S. P. S. Gulick, S. P. S., 2006. Seismic facies of incised valley-fills,
Appendix: Complete table of coring attempts, and summary of
stratigraphic units sampled
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Site |
Hole |
Device |
Lat deg |
Lat min |
Lon deg |
Lon min |
Depth, m |
Best Sample |
Length, cm |
Stratigraphy |
|
06_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
9.49222 |
-72 |
57.2628 |
86 |
P |
23 |
OSW_C |
|
06_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
9.49222 |
-72 |
57.2628 |
86 |
P |
19.5 |
OSW_C |
|
06_01 |
C |
G |
39 |
9.49222 |
-72 |
57.2628 |
86 |
S |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_02 |
A |
G |
39 |
9.69059 |
-72 |
57.20063 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_02 |
B |
G |
39 |
9.69059 |
-72 |
57.20063 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_02 |
C |
G |
39 |
9.69059 |
-72 |
57.20063 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_03 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.05867 |
-72 |
57.02706 |
82 |
S |
0 |
OSW_B |
|
06_03 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.05867 |
-72 |
57.02706 |
82 |
S |
0 |
OSW_B |
|
06_04 |
A |
G |
39 |
8.70723 |
-72 |
57.75724 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_04 |
B |
G |
39 |
8.70723 |
-72 |
57.75724 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_05 |
A |
G |
39 |
7.62706 |
-72 |
58.64433 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_05 |
B |
G |
39 |
7.62706 |
-72 |
58.64433 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
06_06 |
A |
G |
39 |
7.22651 |
-72 |
58.93711 |
80 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
06_06 |
B |
G |
39 |
7.22651 |
-72 |
58.93711 |
80 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
06_06 |
C |
G |
39 |
7.22651 |
-72 |
58.93711 |
80 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
06_07 |
A |
V |
39 |
5.347 |
-73 |
0.33511 |
80 |
N |
0 |
SB |
|
06_07 |
B |
G |
39 |
5.35135 |
-73 |
0.31009 |
82 |
S |
0 |
SB |
|
11_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
2.49167 |
-73 |
2.88197 |
84 |
S |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
11_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
2.49167 |
-73 |
2.88197 |
84 |
P |
15 |
OSW_LT |
|
11_01 |
C |
G |
39 |
2.49167 |
-73 |
2.88197 |
84 |
P |
15 |
OSW_LT |
|
30_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
11.51166 |
-72 |
52.59799 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_D |
|
30_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
11.51166 |
-72 |
52.59799 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_D |
|
47_02 |
A |
V |
39 |
17.04288 |
-72 |
56.36784 |
71 |
N |
0 |
CFO |
|
125_01 |
A |
V |
39 |
21.47117 |
-72 |
47.50486 |
78 |
S |
0 |
CFO |
|
162_01 |
A |
V |
39 |
23.22704 |
-72 |
52.97824 |
70 |
N |
0 |
CFO |
|
162_02 |
A |
V |
39 |
24.04236 |
-72 |
52.99938 |
73 |
C |
279 |
CFO |
|
162_02 |
B |
V |
39 |
24.04156 |
-72 |
52.99875 |
73 |
C |
211 |
CFO |
|
205_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
1.90647 |
-73 |
3.07694 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
205_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.90647 |
-73 |
3.07694 |
82 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
206_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
1.70888 |
-73 |
3.59595 |
86 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
206_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.70888 |
-73 |
3.59595 |
86 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
206_01 |
C |
G |
39 |
1.70888 |
-73 |
3.59595 |
86 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
206_02 |
A |
V |
39 |
1.72856 |
-73 |
5.66257 |
86 |
P |
45 |
OSW_B |
|
206_02 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.69957 |
-73 |
5.66014 |
87 |
P |
15 |
OSW_B |
|
206_02 |
C |
G |
39 |
1.69957 |
-73 |
5.66014 |
87 |
P |
19 |
OSW_B |
|
206_03 |
A |
V |
39 |
1.71487 |
-73 |
4.71867 |
81 |
S |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
206_03 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.70823 |
-73 |
4.73973 |
81 |
P |
15 |
OSW_C |
|
207_01 |
A |
V |
39 |
1.4614 |
-73 |
2.2411 |
77 |
C |
180 |
OSW_UT |
|
207_01 |
B |
V |
39 |
1.47663 |
-73 |
2.2242 |
77 |
P |
22 |
OSW_UT |
|
207_03 |
A |
V |
39 |
1.53579 |
-73 |
5.80843 |
89 |
P |
40 |
OSW_B |
|
207_03 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.49016 |
-73 |
5.75332 |
89 |
P |
15 |
OSW_B |
|
211_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
0.6298 |
-73 |
5.40789 |
85 |
P |
16 |
OSW_C |
|
211_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
0.6298 |
-73 |
5.40789 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
211_01 |
C |
G |
39 |
0.6298 |
-73 |
5.40789 |
85 |
S |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
215_01 |
A |
V |
38 |
59.76248 |
-73 |
0.19231 |
81 |
S |
0 |
CFO |
|
215_02 |
A |
V |
38 |
59.75797 |
-73 |
0.98874 |
80 |
S |
0 |
? |
|
215_03 |
A |
V |
38 |
59.75933 |
-73 |
5.71215 |
79 |
C |
135 |
OSW_UT |
|
312_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
1.69444 |
-73 |
4.06651 |
86 |
S |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
312_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
1.69444 |
-73 |
4.06651 |
86 |
S |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
320_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
2.47598 |
-73 |
2.98291 |
82 |
S |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
322_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
2.74518 |
-73 |
2.67615 |
83 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
322_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
2.74518 |
-73 |
2.67615 |
83 |
S |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
903_01 |
A |
V |
39 |
7.97623 |
-73 |
1.58776 |
71 |
S |
0 |
SR "N" |
|
905_04 |
A |
G |
39 |
4.03376 |
-72 |
57.84755 |
92 |
P |
16.5 |
OSW_LT |
|
905_04 |
B |
G |
39 |
4.03376 |
-72 |
57.84755 |
92 |
S |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
905_04 |
C |
G |
39 |
4.03376 |
-72 |
57.84755 |
92 |
P |
12 |
OSW_LT |
|
907_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
9.82715 |
-72 |
43.10475 |
127 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
907_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
9.82715 |
-72 |
43.10475 |
127 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
907_02 |
A |
G |
39 |
9.93012 |
-72 |
43.27962 |
126 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
907_03 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.0479 |
-72 |
43.51541 |
127 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
907_03 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.0479 |
-72 |
43.51541 |
127 |
P |
25 |
SEW_C |
|
907_03 |
C |
G |
39 |
10.0479 |
-72 |
43.51541 |
127 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
907_04 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.17557 |
-72 |
43.73204 |
126 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_04 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.17557 |
-72 |
43.73204 |
126 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_05 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.27102 |
-72 |
43.8925 |
127 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_05 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.27102 |
-72 |
43.8925 |
127 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_05 |
C |
G |
39 |
10.27102 |
-72 |
43.8925 |
127 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_06 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.42315 |
-72 |
44.16559 |
125 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_06 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.42315 |
-72 |
44.16559 |
125 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_07 |
A |
G |
39 |
10.64199 |
-72 |
44.56333 |
124 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_07 |
B |
G |
39 |
10.64199 |
-72 |
44.56333 |
124 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_07 |
C |
G |
39 |
10.64199 |
-72 |
44.56333 |
124 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_08 |
A |
G |
39 |
11.02399 |
-72 |
45.233 |
118 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_08 |
B |
G |
39 |
11.02399 |
-72 |
45.233 |
118 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
907_09 |
A |
G |
39 |
11.59382 |
-72 |
46.26746 |
107 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
907_09 |
B |
G |
39 |
11.59382 |
-72 |
46.26746 |
107 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
907_10 |
A |
G |
39 |
11.83585 |
-72 |
46.70907 |
99 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
907_10 |
B |
G |
39 |
11.83585 |
-72 |
46.70907 |
99 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
907_11 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.56035 |
-72 |
48.00217 |
90 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_11 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.56035 |
-72 |
48.00217 |
90 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_12 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.98468 |
-72 |
48.76744 |
87 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_12 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.98468 |
-72 |
48.76744 |
87 |
N |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_13 |
A |
G |
39 |
13.44803 |
-72 |
49.60771 |
87 |
S |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_13 |
B |
G |
39 |
13.44803 |
-72 |
49.60771 |
87 |
S |
0 |
OSW_UT |
|
907_14 |
A |
G |
39 |
13.78809 |
-72 |
50.2239 |
86 |
N |
0 |
OSW_LT |
|
907_15 |
A |
G |
39 |
13.9829 |
-72 |
50.5662 |
87 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
907_16 |
A |
G |
39 |
14.3325 |
-72 |
51.21065 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
907_16 |
B |
G |
39 |
14.3325 |
-72 |
51.21065 |
85 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
907_17 |
A |
G |
39 |
14.55757 |
-72 |
51.59178 |
84 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
907_17 |
B |
G |
39 |
14.55757 |
-72 |
51.59178 |
84 |
N |
0 |
OSW_C |
|
907_18 |
A |
G |
39 |
15.18952 |
-72 |
52.72977 |
81 |
S |
0 |
OSV |
|
907_19 |
A |
G |
39 |
15.42576 |
-72 |
53.15625 |
80 |
N |
0 |
CFO |
|
907_20 |
A |
V |
39 |
17.01689 |
-72 |
56.07321 |
72 |
N |
0 |
OSV |
|
907_20 |
B |
V |
39 |
17.01707 |
-72 |
56.073 |
72 |
S |
0 |
OSV |
|
909_01 |
A |
G |
39 |
16.42235 |
-72 |
44.84299 |
102 |
N |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
909_01 |
B |
G |
39 |
16.42235 |
-72 |
44.84299 |
102 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
909_02 |
A |
G |
39 |
15.35957 |
-72 |
42.93427 |
119 |
P |
35 |
SEW_A |
|
909_02 |
B |
G |
39 |
15.35957 |
-72 |
42.93427 |
119 |
P |
20.5 |
SEW_A |
|
909_02 |
C |
G |
39 |
15.35957 |
-72 |
42.93427 |
119 |
N |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
909_03 |
A |
G |
39 |
14.31822 |
-72 |
41.06228 |
129 |
P |
14 |
SEW_A |
|
909_03 |
B |
G |
39 |
14.31822 |
-72 |
41.06228 |
129 |
S |
0 |
SEW_A |
|
909_03 |
C |
G |
39 |
14.31822 |
-72 |
41.06228 |
129 |
P |
12 |
SEW_A |
|
909_04 |
A |
G |
39 |
13.54963 |
-72 |
39.68217 |
131 |
N |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
909_04 |
B |
G |
39 |
13.54963 |
-72 |
39.68217 |
131 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
909_04 |
C |
G |
39 |
13.54963 |
-72 |
39.68217 |
131 |
S |
0 |
SEW_B |
|
909_05 |
A |
G |
39 |
13.26044 |
-72 |
39.16001 |
131 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_05 |
B |
G |
39 |
13.26044 |
-72 |
39.16001 |
131 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_05 |
C |
G |
39 |
13.26044 |
-72 |
39.16001 |
131 |
P |
21 |
SEW_C |
|
909_06 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.85483 |
-72 |
38.43462 |
136 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_06 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.85483 |
-72 |
38.43462 |
136 |
N |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_07 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.52291 |
-72 |
37.85251 |
141 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_07 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.52291 |
-72 |
37.85251 |
141 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_07 |
C |
G |
39 |
12.52291 |
-72 |
37.85251 |
141 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_08 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.36639 |
-72 |
37.57198 |
143 |
P |
25 |
SEW_C |
|
909_08 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.36639 |
-72 |
37.57198 |
143 |
P |
17 |
SEW_C |
|
909_08 |
C |
G |
39 |
12.36639 |
-72 |
37.57198 |
143 |
S |
0 |
SEW_C |
|
909_09 |
A |
G |
39 |
12.1606 |
-72 |
37.18148 |
145 |
S |
0 |
SEW_D |
|
909_09 |
B |
G |
39 |
12.1606 |
-72 |
37.18148 |
145 |
P |
21 |
SEW_D |
|
909_09 |
C |
G |
39 |
12.1606 |
-72 |
37.18148 |
145 |
P |
16 |
SEW_D |
|
909_10 |
A |
G |
39 |
11.90335 |
-72 |
36.73632 |
143 |
C |
56 |
SEW_D |
|
909_10 |
B |
G |
39 |
11.90335 |
-72 |
36.73632 |
143 |
P |
31 |
SEW_D |
|
909_10 |
C |
G |
39 |
11.90335 |
-72 |
36.73632 |
143 |
P |
35 |
SEW_D |
|
S1 |
A |
V |
39 |
39.9353 |
-73 |
40.66522 |
28 |
C |
460 |
SR "D" |
|
S2 |
A |
V |
39 |
39.90501 |
-73 |
40.64505 |
27 |
C |
140 |
SR "D" |
|
S3 |
A |
V |
39 |
39.78616 |
-73 |
40.38294 |
28 |
P |
28 |
SR "D" |
|
S3 |
B |
V |
39 |
39.78011 |
-73 |
40.38442 |
30 |
C |
60 |
SR "D" |
|
S4 |
A |
V |
39 |
36.50598 |
-73 |
34.68365 |
35 |
C |
285 |
CFM |
|
S5 |
A |
V |
39 |
36.41426 |
-73 |
34.54657 |
35 |
C |
75 |
CFM |
|
S6 |
A |
V |
39 |
36.182 |
-73 |
34.20948 |
35 |
C |
337 |
CFM |
|
S7 |
A |
V |
39 |
32.90737 |
-73 |
26.7778 |
32 |
P |
30 |
SR "I" |
|
S8 |
A |
V |
39 |
32.81355 |
-73 |
26.58437 |
32 |
C |
170 |
SR "I" |
|
S9 |
A |
V |
39 |
33.08269 |
-73 |
27.09022 |
32 |
C |
60 |
SR "I" |
|
S10 |
A |
V |
39 |
32.50322 |
-73 |
25.94226 |
33 |
C |
151 |
SR "I" |
|
S11 |
A |
V |
39 |
29.94299 |
-73 |
22.00345 |
36 |
C |
210 |
CFM |
|
S12 |
A |
V |
39 |
29.6086 |
-73 |
21.87386 |
36 |
S |
0 |
CFM |
|
S12 |
B |
V |
39 |
29.61217 |
-73 |
21.87396 |
36 |
P |
25 |
CFM |
|
S14 |
A |
V |
39 |
28.28229 |
-73 |
19.51019 |
34 |
S |
0 |
MSW |
|
S14 |
B |
V |
39 |
28.2835 |
-73 |
19.50904 |
34 |
P |
26 |
MSW |
|
S15 |
A |
V |
39 |
27.34927 |
-73 |
17.79761 |
34 |
S |
0 |
MSW |
|
S17 |
A |
V |
39 |
40.00266 |
-73 |
40.76583 |
30 |
S |
0 |
SR "D" |
|
S17 |
B |
V |
39 |
39.99521 |
-73 |
40.76075 |
30 |
P |
40 |
SR "D" |
|
S18 |
A |
V |
39 |
39.68195 |
-73 |
40.38826 |
31 |
C |
66 |
SR "D" |
|
S19 |
A |
V |
39 |
36.56348 |
-73 |
34.84108 |
35 |
C |
582 |
CFM |
|
S20 |
A |
V |
39 |
36.36759 |
-73 |
34.47771 |
35 |
C |
240 |
CFM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sum: |
4406.5 |
|
Device: G = Gravity Core; V
= Vibracore
Best sample (in order): C =
core; P = plug (< 50 cm); S = scrapings; N = nothing.
|
|
# Best-Sample Holes |
|
|
Stratigraphic Units |
C + P |
S |
|
MSW = Mid Shelf Wedge |
1 |
2 |
|
SR = Sand Ridge |
10 |
1 |
|
SB = Sand? Body on
outer-shelf wedge |
0 |
1 |
|
CFM = Channel Fill Middle
Shelf (Barnegat Corridor) |
7 |
1 |
|
CFO = Channel Fill Outer
Shelf |
2 |
2 |
|
OSV = Outer Shelf Veneer
(> R and < T, shoreward of R shoulder) |
0 |
2 |
|
OSW = Outer Shelf Wedge |
|
|
|
A = Between R and S |
0 |
0 |
|
B = Between R and w1 |
5 |
2 |
|
C = Between w1 and E |
4 |
5 |
|
D = Upper laminated unit, mostly supplanted by transparent
unit |
0 |
0 |
|
LT = Lower transparent unit = proximal to E |
4 |
4 |
|
UT = Upper transparent unit |
3 |
2 |
|
SEW = Shelf Edge Wedge |
|
|
|
A = from W or R to s1 |
4 |
6 |
|
B = from s1 to s2 |
0 |
7 |
|
C = from s2 to s3 |
4 |
6 |
|
D = above s3 |
5 |
1 |
|
Totals |
49 |
42 |
