2 February, 2004

The morning temperatures have been in the high teens and low twenties Fahrenheit, cold enough to make sea ice. The winds have been relatively calm and when we are in the southern most part of McMurdo Sound, we are often breaking clear fresh ice. As we move around the Sound we encounter ice of different age and origins. Some of the smaller chunks of ice are annual ice, sea ice that was formed over the last year and has broken due to the tides and wind. This ice is much softer and when we hit it with the ship, it gives way easily and makes a soft muffled sound as it hits the hull.

Fast ice is multi year ice that is normally frozen right up to the shore. The "fast" refers to the ice being "held fast" in the same position for many years. This ice breaks free into the open water due to wind and wave action and has a completely different structure than the annual ice. It is much harder than the annual ice, and the sound that is made when it strikes the ship is like a metal hammer pounding on the hull. Early in the day, penguins and seals could be seen lounging on these ice flows. The penguin footprints crisscrossed the ice forming beautiful random patterns in the snow.

There are large icebergs that have calved off of the glaciers. Their ice is very old and has been formed over centuries from the accumulation of snow, and the affect of pressure on the snow crystals over time. As the snow gets thicker, it compresses the crystals to form very clear ice. The oldest ice in the glacier and the bergs is blue, but melts perfectly colorless. Over time the icebergs break apart into smaller chunks of various sizes that are typically referred to as bergy bits. Growlers are old berg pieces that have large below water protrusions that aren't detectable until you are right upon them.

In the process of doing our seismic survey, it has been very important that we avoid the ice as much as possible. When the ice strikes the hull, the ringing of the metal affects the data that we collect from the sonar. Navigating through the ice causes the streamers to curve changing the timing of the reflected signal and reducing the reliability of the data collected. Moving through the ice, the streamers can get caught on the ice and break it in pieces or break it away from the ship. The ship's pilots often consult with the scientists to confirm that the path that they choose through the ice flows also provides the scientists with the best possible data. Most times the pilots are able to find a route that gets good data and is gives safe passage for the ship.

By early morning preparations were being made to deploy the single channel streamer. The ET's and MT's were getting everything ready, and the scientists were deciding on shot lines and away points for the next couple of days.

At 9:50 AM the fire alarm sounded. Everyone left his or her stations, headed for their survival gear, and then to the 03-conference room for roll call. Ashley Lowe was one of the first to arrive and she began taking roll and having people sign into the logbook. Within a few minutes everyone was in the conference room, from the bunks or their duties, but the alarm was still ringing. It stopped briefly, and then started again. This time there were seven short rings and one long ring. This was the signal for abandon ship drill. It rang a second time, and the Chief Mate came in explained the drill.

He told us that in most cases, the crew has time to react to an emergency that would cause the ship to be abandoned. Everyone should be prepared to go to the safe area at that signal. The two lifeboats on the ship are each capable of holding all the people on the ship. The crew is divided between both lifeboats, as would the passengers in an emergency. The Chief Mate wanted us to be aware that it was important that we understand that the lifeboats can hold everyone. In a real abandonment, most of the time the ship goes down in such a way that only one lifeboat will be accessible. Knowing where to go and being prepared is key to safety of everyone on the ship.

By12:00 noon the marine techs started deploying the single channel steamer. At 12:00 PM the second watch started marine mammal observations. At 12:10 a sonobuoy was deployed and the electronics techs could hear whales detected by the buoy. The ramp up procedure requires that we wait 20 minutes from the start of observations before we start firing the air guns. At 12:25 PM observers could not see any whales in the area. By that time, the sonobuoy was miles away, and the exact distance the whales were from the ship could not be determined. Since we could not see any marine mammals within a one-mile visual radius, we begin shooting one gun at a time to start the seismic collection. Within 15 minutes were are up to speed and the guns are operating normally.

No marine mammals were observed within the concern radius and seismic collection continued through the afternoon and evening.